{"id":248,"date":"2018-04-30T10:35:24","date_gmt":"2018-04-30T10:35:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/restfulapi.net\/?p=248"},"modified":"2021-09-27T23:21:02","modified_gmt":"2021-09-27T17:51:02","slug":"introduction-to-json","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/restfulapi.net\/introduction-to-json\/","title":{"rendered":"What is JSON"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>JSON (JavaScript Object Notation)<\/strong> is the most widely used <strong>data format for data interchange<\/strong> on the web. This data interchange can happen between two computer applications at different geographical locations or running within the same machine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The good thing is that JSON is a human-readable as well as a machine-readable format. So while applications\/libraries can parse the JSON documents &#8211; humans can also look at the data and derive the meaning from it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>All modern programming languages (e.g., Java, JavaScript, Ruby, C#, PHP, Python, and Groovy) and application platforms provide excellent support for producing (<strong>serializing<\/strong>) and consuming (<strong>deserializing<\/strong>) JSON data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. JSON Specifications<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Douglas Crockford originally created JSON in 2001, and initially standardized it in 2006 under <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ietf.org\/rfc\/rfc4627.txt\" target=\"_blank\">RFC 4627<\/a> through the IETF. In 2013, Ecma International also standardized JSON under <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ecma-international.org\/publications\/standards\/Ecma-404.htm\" target=\"_blank\">ECMA 404<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In March 2014, Tim Bray corrected errata with the original IETF 4627 in IETF <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc7158\" target=\"_blank\">RFC 7158<\/a> and <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc7159\" target=\"_blank\">RFC 7159<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The new specifications remove inconsistencies with other specifications of JSON, repairs specification errors, and offer experience-based interoperability guidance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. JSON File and MIME Type<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The standard file type for storing a JSON document in the filesystem is <code>.json<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>JSON\u2019s Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) media (or MIME) type is <code><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iana.org\/assignments\/media-types\/application\/json\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">application\/json<\/a><\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. JSON Document<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A JSON document may contain text, curly braces, square brackets, colons, commas, double quotes, and maybe a few other characters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Primarily, a valid JSON document can contain two structures:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>An <strong>Object<\/strong> surrounded by curly braces and containing multiple name\/value pairs. In various languages, this is realized as an record, struct, dictionary, hash table, keyed list, or associative array.<\/li><li>An <strong>Array or Ordered list<\/strong> of values surrounded by square brackets. In most languages, this is realized as an vector, list, or sequence.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. JSON Example<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>An example JSON document is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"json\" class=\"language-json\">\/\/JSON Object\r\n\r\n{\r\n\t\"employee\": {\r\n\t\t\"id\": 1,\r\n\t\t\"name\": \"Admin\",\r\n\t\t\"location\": \"USA\"\r\n\t}\r\n}\r\n\r\n\/\/JSON Array\r\n\r\n{\r\n\t\"employees\": [\r\n\t\t{\r\n\t\t\t\"id\": 1,\r\n\t\t\t\"name\": \"Admin\",\r\n\t\t\t\"location\": \"India\"\r\n\t\t},\r\n\t\t{\r\n\t\t\t\"id\": 2,\r\n\t\t\t\"name\": \"Author\",\r\n\t\t\t\"location\": \"USA\"\r\n\t\t},\r\n\t\t{\r\n\t\t\t\"id\": 3,\r\n\t\t\t\"name\": \"Visitor\",\r\n\t\t\t\"location\": \"USA\"\r\n\t\t}\r\n\t]\r\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>As we can see, the JSON document consists of name\/value pairs. These name\/value pairs reflect the structure of the data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Learning JSON<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In this JSON tutorial, we will learn the various concepts about JSON, with examples.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>Difference between JSON and XML<\/li><li>JSON Syntax and document types<\/li><li>How to read JSON document<\/li><li>How to write JSON document<\/li><li>Converting JSON to String and vice-versa etc<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ref: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.json.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Introducing JSON<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In JSON tutorial, learn various concepts about JSON such as difference with XML, syntax and data types, read &#038; write JSON and convert JSON to string and vice-versa etc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":249,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[16],"tags":[17],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/restfulapi.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/248"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/restfulapi.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/restfulapi.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/restfulapi.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/restfulapi.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=248"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/restfulapi.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/248\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/restfulapi.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/249"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/restfulapi.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=248"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/restfulapi.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=248"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/restfulapi.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=248"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}